Noticing changes in your body can be concerning, and seeking information is a proactive first step. This guide provides clear, straightforward information about the early indicators and first signs of vulvar cancer. We will cover common symptoms, key risk factors, and what to do if you notice any changes, empowering you with knowledge for your health.
Before diving into the signs, it’s helpful to understand what vulvar cancer is. The vulva is the outer part of the female genitals. It includes the inner and outer lips (labia), the clitoris, and the opening of the vagina. Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs when cells in these tissues begin to grow out of control.
Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which develop from the thin, flat cells that make up the top layer of the skin. Another less common type is melanoma, which starts in the pigment-producing cells. Knowing the signs is crucial because when detected early, treatment is often more successful.
Many symptoms associated with vulvar cancer can also be caused by other, less serious conditions like infections or skin disorders. However, the key difference is persistence. If a symptom does not go away after a week or two of simple treatment, or if it recurs, it is essential to have it checked by a healthcare professional.
Here are the most common first signs to be aware of:
This is often the most common and earliest symptom. While occasional itching can be due to a yeast infection, allergic reaction, or dry skin, itching that is constant, severe, and does not resolve with standard treatments should be evaluated. The itching may be localized to one specific spot or affect the entire vulvar area.
Pay close attention to any visual changes on the vulvar skin. This is a significant indicator that something is different. These changes can include:
Finding a new lump or bump is a sign that requires medical attention. This lump may be firm or soft and can be skin-colored, red, or dark. Similarly, an open sore or ulcer that does not heal within a few weeks is a warning sign. These sores can sometimes bleed, ooze, or become crusted over.
Any bleeding that is not related to your menstrual period should be investigated. This could be light spotting or heavier bleeding from a specific area on the vulva. A watery or blood-tinged discharge that is unusual for you is another potential symptom.
While not always present in the early stages, some people experience persistent pain or tenderness in the vulvar region. The area might feel sore to the touch, or there could be a constant burning sensation. Pain during urination or intercourse (dyspareunia) can also be a symptom.
While the exact cause of vulvar cancer is not always known, several factors can increase a person’s risk of developing the condition. Having a risk factor does not mean you will get the disease, but it’s important for awareness.
If you have noticed any of the signs mentioned above, the most important step is to schedule an appointment with your doctor or a gynecologist. Do not delay seeking medical advice.
Your doctor will likely start by asking about your symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination, including a careful visual inspection of the vulva. If they see an area of concern, the next step is usually a biopsy. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed from the abnormal area and sent to a lab to be examined for cancer cells. This is the only way to get a definitive diagnosis.
Regularly paying attention to your body can help you notice changes early. While formal self-exams are not always officially recommended, simply being familiar with what is normal for you is a powerful tool for your health. If you notice a new lump, a skin change, or a sore that wasn’t there before, you are more likely to seek timely medical care.
While not all cases can be prevented, you can take steps to lower your risk. This includes getting the HPV vaccine, not smoking, and practicing safe sex to reduce your exposure to HPV. If you have a condition like lichen sclerosus, it’s vital to follow your doctor’s treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments.
Is vulvar cancer common? No, vulvar cancer is rare. It accounts for a very small percentage of all cancers diagnosed in women. However, its rarity makes awareness of the symptoms even more important.
Can vulvar cancer be mistaken for something else? Yes, the early symptoms of vulvar cancer, such as itching, redness, and bumps, are very similar to those of many non-cancerous conditions like yeast infections, contact dermatitis, genital warts, or lichen sclerosus. This is why a professional medical diagnosis is essential if symptoms persist.
Does an abnormal Pap test detect vulvar cancer? A Pap test is designed to screen for cervical cancer, not vulvar cancer. While a doctor may notice a visible abnormality on the vulva during a pelvic exam, the Pap test itself does not check the vulvar skin cells.